法律統一用字表
○公布
x公佈
○播出
○撥雲見日
x撥出
○計畫（名詞）
○計劃（動詞）
○電腦螢幕、電視螢幕
○電影銀幕、投影銀幕
○公布
x公佈
○播出
○撥雲見日
x撥出
○計畫（名詞）
○計劃（動詞）
○電腦螢幕、電視螢幕
○電影銀幕、投影銀幕
- 9月 10 週三 201419:26
法律統一用字表
- 2月 20 週四 201420:42
stop的一些片語整理
stop to do sth.停下來開始做某事
stop up = stop
stop by = stop off = stop over ：to visit somewhere before continuing to another place
We stopped off in town on the way to Jenni's house.
We stopped over in New York on our way to Seattle.
stop up = stop
stop by = stop off = stop over ：to visit somewhere before continuing to another place
We stopped off in town on the way to Jenni's house.
We stopped over in New York on our way to Seattle.
- 2月 18 週二 201408:28
ROI/ROE
ROI (Return On Investment) 投資報酬率，就是出錢投資可以賺回多少錢的比率。比如說小花今天花了40元去買了一塊士林雞排，正當小花準備大口咬下那塊雞排時，在一旁的小強因為肚子餓到受不了，提議用45元跟小花買他手上那塊雞排，小花心想其實也沒那麼餓就賣給小強了。所以小花賺了多少錢？5元，小花的投資報酬率就是5 / 40 = 12.5%。ROI投資報酬率就是那麼簡單，你出多少你自己的本錢，回收賺了多少，就是ROI：
ROI = 賺到的錢 / 投入的本金
ROE (Return On Equity) 股東權益報酬率 ROE呢？差一個字沒有差很多。ROE中的RO與ROI中的RO是一樣的，差別就在那個E字，也就是股東權益。股東權益白話說就等於股東出資投資的本錢，比如說小花今天想開一家六十郎奶茶專賣店，他找了小強與小黑要一起來投資經營，做為奶茶專賣店的發起人，小花願意出資40%的開店資金，小強與小黑則各出30%；如果一家店假設100萬的開店成本，那麼小花就是出40萬，小強與小黑各出30萬。開店第一年運氣不錯奶茶店賺了一些錢，前前後後扣除開銷一年賺了20萬元，那麼整家店的ROE就是20%。
那ROE不就是跟ROI投資報酬率一樣嗎？是的，目前為止都是一樣，因為原始開店的100萬是全部由小花、小強、小黑三人自己掏口袋錢出來投資的，所以全部都是三位股東自己口袋的資金，ROE當然就是20%。
ROI = 賺到的錢 / 投入的本金
ROE (Return On Equity) 股東權益報酬率 ROE呢？差一個字沒有差很多。ROE中的RO與ROI中的RO是一樣的，差別就在那個E字，也就是股東權益。股東權益白話說就等於股東出資投資的本錢，比如說小花今天想開一家六十郎奶茶專賣店，他找了小強與小黑要一起來投資經營，做為奶茶專賣店的發起人，小花願意出資40%的開店資金，小強與小黑則各出30%；如果一家店假設100萬的開店成本，那麼小花就是出40萬，小強與小黑各出30萬。開店第一年運氣不錯奶茶店賺了一些錢，前前後後扣除開銷一年賺了20萬元，那麼整家店的ROE就是20%。
那ROE不就是跟ROI投資報酬率一樣嗎？是的，目前為止都是一樣，因為原始開店的100萬是全部由小花、小強、小黑三人自己掏口袋錢出來投資的，所以全部都是三位股東自己口袋的資金，ROE當然就是20%。
- 7月 25 週四 201321:48
approval / permission 以及其他"允許"
在考試時看到有一題出現英文中幾個具有許可意義的字眼比較
查了一下，除了allowance以外，似乎沒有很明確的分別
approve of
查了一下，除了allowance以外，似乎沒有很明確的分別
approve of
- 5月 02 週四 201311:40
命令command/推薦commend/評論comment/倡導commence
command
(vt.)命令;指揮,統帥(vi.)指揮C命令,指令;U統帥,指揮;U掌握,運用能力
commend
(vt.)委託給,推薦,嘉獎
comment
(vt.)備注注解,批評,評論，(vi.)批評,注解
名詞是commentary
(vt.)命令;指揮,統帥(vi.)指揮C命令,指令;U統帥,指揮;U掌握,運用能力
commend
(vt.)委託給,推薦,嘉獎
comment
(vt.)備注注解,批評,評論，(vi.)批評,注解
名詞是commentary
- 4月 14 週日 201321:26
expect/ anticipate/ look forward to
expect 是 "預期; 預計", 所以是指你認為會發生的事
比如你知道有人要來探望你, 就可說 I'm expecting a guest.
認為別人會做出什麼事, 就用 expect someone to V 的句型
比如: Analysts expect oil prices to rise again. / I don't expect him to trust me.
有一句老外常用但老中很少有人會用的話: I'm expecting someone. / Are you expecting someone?
其實就是中文說的 "我在等人" 或 "你在等人嗎?"
但要老中翻這句, 大概九成以上的人都會用 I'm waiting for someone. 這樣的說法，雖然並沒有錯, 但強調的重點不一樣
I'm waiting for someone. 主要是在告訴對方你現在在做的事是等人
I'm expecting someone. 則是暗示對方因為你在等別人, 叫他最好不要煩你
同樣的, 問人家 Are you expecting someone? 也多半是在怕打擾到人家時用的
要小心的是, 若問一個女人 Are you expecting? 則會變成是問她是否懷孕待產的意思
講 an expecting woman 就是一名懷孕待產的女性
可是 expect 的名詞 expectation(s) 則是 "期望" 的意思了, 兼具可數和不可數的用法
是一個人希望別人或事物能達到的狀態
比如: His performance greately exceeded my expectations.
His parents have always had great expectations for him.
anticipate 指的也是 "預期;預料"
意思和 expect 很接近, 多數時候可以通用
但在使用上, anticipate 不能用 anticipate someone to V 的句型
它要接名詞, 比如: None of us anticipated this.
或是接 that + 子句 (that 可省略)
比如: We didn't anticipate (that) this would be a problem.
(= We didn't expect this to be a problem. = We didn't expect (that) this would be a problem.)
很有趣的是, anticipate 的名詞 anticipation 的意思則和 expectation 差很多了
anticipation 是指熱切的期盼, 很急著想體驗到某種你認為會發生的事的感覺
而且是不可數名詞
比如: The crowd was watching the magician with great anticipation.
所以除了預期的成分, 還多了渴望在裡面
對於你真的巴不得它快點發生的事, 才是用 look forward to...
這個片語所有的英文考試都很愛考, 因為它 to 的後面不能接原形動詞
而要接名詞或動名詞( Ving), 是個特殊的片語
比如: I look forward to our trip.
We look forward to seeing you again. (O)
We look forward to see you again. (X)
假設你很喜歡的作家要出新書了
那你應該說 I'm looking forward to his new book.
或 I'm waiting for his new book with (great) anticipation.
而不是 I'm expecting his new book.
因為這樣講意思會變成 "我在等他的新書到來"
並沒有表達興奮渴望之意
- 4月 07 週日 201312:11
「需」、「須」之區別
「需」多做主動詞=need+ 名詞，
例：生活需求、我需要水、不時之需。
「須」多為助詞或副詞=must+動詞，
例：生活須知、須要努力、必須等待。
- 4月 02 週二 201320:50
Lie / Lay / Lying / Laying
http://www.grammarmudge.cityslide.com/articles/article/992333/8992.htm
Lie meaning "to tell an untruth"
uses lied for both the past tense and past participle, with lying as the present participle.
Lie meaning "to recline"
Its principal parts are lie (base form), lay (past tense), lain (past participal), and lying (present participle).
is an intransitive verb (one that does not take an object).
Lay meaning "to put" or "to place." Its principal parts are lay (base form), laid (past tense), laid (past participle), and laying (present participle).
is a transitive verb (one that takes an object).
The two words have different meanings and are not interchangeable.
Although lay also serves as the past tense of lie (to recline) – as in, "He lay down for a nap an hour ago" – lay (or laying) may not otherwise be used to denote reclining.
It is not correct to say or write:
"I will lay down for nap" X
"lie down" O
"He is laying down for a nap." X
"lying down" O
The misuse of lay or laying in the sense of "to recline" (which requires lie or lying) is the most common error involving the confusion of these two words.
> Once you lay (put or place) a book on the desk, it is lying (reclining, resting) there, not laying there.
> When you go to Bermuda for your vacation, you spend your time lying (not laying) on the beach.
>unless, of course, you are engaged in sexual activity and are, in the vernacular, laying someone on the beach.
> You lie down on the sofa to watch TV and spend the entire evening lying there; you do not lay down on the sofa to watch TV and spend the entire evening laying there.
> If you see something lying on the ground, it is just resting there; if you see something laying on the ground, it must be doing something else, such as laying eggs.
Lie meaning "to tell an untruth"
uses lied for both the past tense and past participle, with lying as the present participle.
Lie meaning "to recline"
Its principal parts are lie (base form), lay (past tense), lain (past participal), and lying (present participle).
is an intransitive verb (one that does not take an object).
Lay meaning "to put" or "to place." Its principal parts are lay (base form), laid (past tense), laid (past participle), and laying (present participle).
is a transitive verb (one that takes an object).
The two words have different meanings and are not interchangeable.
Although lay also serves as the past tense of lie (to recline) – as in, "He lay down for a nap an hour ago" – lay (or laying) may not otherwise be used to denote reclining.
It is not correct to say or write:
"I will lay down for nap" X
"lie down" O
"He is laying down for a nap." X
"lying down" O
The misuse of lay or laying in the sense of "to recline" (which requires lie or lying) is the most common error involving the confusion of these two words.
> Once you lay (put or place) a book on the desk, it is lying (reclining, resting) there, not laying there.
> When you go to Bermuda for your vacation, you spend your time lying (not laying) on the beach.
>unless, of course, you are engaged in sexual activity and are, in the vernacular, laying someone on the beach.
> You lie down on the sofa to watch TV and spend the entire evening lying there; you do not lay down on the sofa to watch TV and spend the entire evening laying there.
> If you see something lying on the ground, it is just resting there; if you see something laying on the ground, it must be doing something else, such as laying eggs.
